Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr.

Common Names:
Weniwel (S)
Atturam, Kodi manjal (T)
Calumba wood, Ceylon Calumba root, False Calum root (E)
Kalambuka (Sa)

Status

Protected Plant in the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance in Sri Lanka

Traditional Knowledge

Useful plant parts :
Root and stem node

Uses in traditional medicine :

Decoction of the stem nodes is taken as a bitter tonic to treat fever due to micro organisms
Roots posses antiseptic properties and are used as a dressing for wounds and ulcers

Scientific Research

Chemical constituents:

Isoquinoline alkaloid: berberine and its derivatives, steroids and quaternary alkaloids from stem

Bioactivity :

Berberine: antibacterial; alcohol extract of stems: hypotensive, antidiabetic, antibacterial against acne causing Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, antihepatotoxic, antioxidative, antiproliferative against cancer cells and neurotoxic

Clinical:

References :

Deevanhxay, P. et al., (2009), Simultaneous characterization of quaternary alkaloids, 8-oxoprotoberberine alkaloids, and a steroid compound in Coscinium fenestratum by liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 50, 413-425.

Goveas, S. W. et al., (2011), Isolation of endophytic fungi from Coscinium fenestratum -a red listed endangered medicinal plant, EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 5, 48-53.

Kumar, G. S. et al., (2007), Antimicrobial effects of Indian medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceuti- cal Research, 6(2), 717-723.

Nair, G. M. et al., (2005), Antibacterial effects of Coscinium fenestratum, Fitoterapia, 76, 585-587.

Pinho, P. M. M. et al., (1992), Protoberberine alkaloids from Coscinlun fenestratum, Phytochemistry, 31(4), 1403-1407.

Punitha, I. S. R. et al., (2005), Alcoholic Stem Extract of Coscinium fenestratum Regulates Carbohydrate Metabolism and Improves Antioxi- dant Status in Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats, Evidence Based Complement Alternative Medicine, 2(3), 375-381.

Rojsanga, P. et al., (2006), Determination of Berberine Content in the Stem Extracts of Coscinium fenestratum by TLC Densitometry, Medicinal Principals and Practices, 15, 373-378.

Rojsanga, P. et al., (2010), In vitro anti-proliferative activity of alcoholic stem extract of Coscinium fenestratum in human colorectal cancer cells, Exp Ther Med, 1(1), 181-186.

Singh, G. B. et al., (1990), Hypotensive action of a Coscinium fenestra- tum stem extract, J Ethnopharmacol, 30(2), 151-5.

Shirwaikar, A. et al., (2007), Antioxidant Studies on the Methanol Stem Extract of Coscinium fenestratum, Natural Product Science, 13, 40-45.

Venukumar, M. R. and Latha, M. S., (2004), Effect of Coscinium fenestratum on hepatotoxicity in rats, Indian Journal of experimental biology, 42(8), 792-7.

Wattanathorn, J. et al., (2006), Neurotoxicity of Coscinium fenestratum stem, a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine, Food Chem Toxicol, 44(8), 1327-33.

Wongcome, T. et al., (2007), Hypotensive effect and toxicology of the extract from Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr, J Ethnopharmacol, 111(3), 468-75.

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